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| Pic : Biaka Ralte |
Khawlailung village is located in East Lungdar Tehsil of Serchhip district in Mizoram, India. It is situated 28km away from sub-district headquarter E.lungdar and 30km away from district headquarter Serchhip.
Khawlailung has a total population of 2,318 peoples. There are about 501 houses in Khawlailung village. Serchhip is nearest town to Khawlailung which is approximately 30km away.
In Khawlailung village population of children with age 0-6 is 316 which makes up 13.63 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Khawlailung village is 993 which is higher than Mizoram state average of 976. Child Sex Ratio for the Khawlailung as per census is 963, lower than Mizoram average of 970.
Khawlailung village has higher literacy rate compared to Mizoram. In 2011, literacy rate of Khawlailung village was 95.05 % compared to 91.33 % of Mizoram. In Khawlailung Male literacy stands at 97.01 % while female literacy rate was 93.10 %.
Read more about Khawlailung down
KHAWLAILUNG VILLAGE PROFILE
Written by : Lalduhawmi
Cluster Coordinator, NRLM
East Lungdar R.D Block
ABOUT THE VILLAGE
Khawlailung Village was named by Pasaltha Hatea in 1901.
This village is located in the South East of Aizawl and it is 146 Km distance
from Aizawl. It is 93°E Longitude and 23°N Latitude and it is in 28
Hrangturzo(ST) Assembly Constituency which is under the district of Serchhip
and also under East Lungdar R.D Block.
According to the last census, the population of this village
was 2538, among these, 235 people were illiterate and 142 were senior citizen.
There are 523 houses in this village and all the people in this village are
Christian. It seems that the villagers' food security are quite good and the
health condition of the people are quite good, there was no infant mortality
for about 3 to 4 years back, leprosy and TB disease was never found. At
present, there are 50 pucca houses and 453 semi pucca, and 20 kacha houses in
this village.
The main occupations of the people are jhuming cultivation,
Sugar cane cultivation and dairy farming. In consultation with the Village
Council members, about 95% of the population is farmers and only about 10 to 20
people are in service from the citizen of this village. Sugarcane, rice and
orange are the main exports of this village.
The main occupation of the village is farming; about 95% of
the people are farmers. The village has YMA Hall, Library, playground, V.C
House, Community Hall, MUP Hall, MHIP Hall and five Primary School, four Middle
School, one Govt. High School, one PHC, six Anganwadi and one Veterinary
Office.
Last year (2012), Khawlailung village exported about 400
quintals of orange, 11 quintals of coffee, 200 quintals of sugarcane and 1500
quintals of ginger. Among these, orange and ginger were exported to other
states, coffee were given to the Society and Board for further exports.
Sugarcane was exported to Serchhip and Lunglei districts.
There are different development programs in the village,
viz.Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Integrated Watershed Management Programme
(IWMP), and Rashtriya Krishi VikasYojana(RKVY) etc.
In 1926, Primary School was established, in 1962, Middle
School was established, in 1973 - High School and in 1986, Primary Health Centre
(PHC) was established. Primary School Leaving Certificate Examination which was
held in 1961, Dothanga stood first in Mizoram. One of the students in
Khawlailung village High School who was called Vanlalliani was awarded 'Best
Girl' in Mizoram Games. Khawlailung village has two famous Indian footballers
named - Jerry Zirsanga and Lalrinfela.
The following persons are first in Khawlailung village.
Teacher
Mr. Thanga
Missionary
Mr. Totea
Bible women
Miss Hrangtintawngi
VCP
Mr.Pabuanga
Ordained deacon
Mr.Mukchiala and Mr.Chinsanga
Radio Artist
Mr.Lalzova Ralte
Pastor
Mr.Pathiauva
Matric
Mr.Lalngurauva
B.A
Mr.J.H.Pahlira
B.A (women)
Miss Ralmuanpuii
M.A
Rev.Lalngurauva
Apart from these, Mr.Dengkunga was famous for his talent, he
can repair and fixed human bones.
ROADS AND SANITATION
1) Drainage
system is only in the main road.
2) There are 9
public latrines
3) Every
household has their own toilet
4) Households who
were using fireplace for cooking has chimney but 30% of the households never
used fireplace for cooking.
In consultation with the members from the Village Council
and YMA, in Khawlailung village, rules and regulations have been made for the development
and for the security of the people as well as the village, and these rules are
carried on by the Village Council and all the villagers have to follow and
respect these rules and regulations. Any person who violates these rules has to
be punished, but they have different types of punishments. In this village,
foreigners (especially from different states and countries) cannot stay for
more than one month except for the government's duty. The members of the Local
Council and other NGOs used to check Inner Line Permit (ILP) from these
foreigners and if anybody was found that he/she has no proper and formal ILP,
he/she was expelled from the village as soon as possible. Due to this, there
have been no problems between inter-caste and inter- class relationships so
far.
The political aspect of Khawlailung village is quite good,
different political parties have existed but there have been no conflict
between these parties. Since 2009 till date, Congress party has dominated for
the Village Council.
POOR/VULNERABLE GROUPS IN THE VILLAGE
Following informations are collected from the discussions we
had with the Village Council and VLAA.
About 1.91% of the population are poorest of the poor, 4.47%
are poor, 86.62% are not so poor and 7% are not poor.
People who do not have land on their own, who works daily as
labourers for their living are considered as poor. Therefore, there are about
20 poor families in this village and most of their expenditures are for buying
medicines for their health and for buying foods for their family. There are 96
members in BPL and 71 members in AAY. There are also about 3 to 4 vulnerable
persons in the village, the NGOs members and the community members help these
vulnerable people whenever they need help. There is an association for the old
people (senior citizen) called Mizoram Upa Pawl (MUP), therefore the conditions
and status of the old people are quite good and stable, this association is
very helpful for their members and as well as for the village.
MIGRANTS IN THE VILLAGE
As we have mentioned earlier, there is no much migrants in
this village, most of the migrants are on government's duty and suppliers,
doing export/import. In this village, foreigners (especially from different
states and countries) cannot stay for more than one month except for the
government's duty. The members of the Local Council and other NGOs used to
check Inner Line Permit (ILP) from these foreigners and if anybody was found
that he/she has no proper and formal ILP, he/she was expelled from the village as
soon as possible.
DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATIONS, PROGRAMMES / DIFFERENT NGOs AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
1) VILLAGE COUNCIL:-
Village Council is the overall in charge of the
administration of the village. Distribution of the house site, ownership of
land etc, are in the hands of the Village council . In Khawlailung village, VC
has done many works like construction of
agriculture linkroads, repairing and construction of Community Hall, construction of halfmoon
terraces for planting orange under the development scheme of MGNREGS
(VEC),apart from these, repairing and cleaning of roads, construction of
cemetery roads, plantation of trees,
watershed management works, rainwater harvesting for every household
were also under taken through Village council.
2) YOUNG MIZO
ASSOCIATION :-
There are 1234 YMA members, out of which 650 are male and
584 are female in Khawlailung village. YMA has a high responsibilities and
roles for the development and security of the village. Punishments in
consultation with the VC were given to those people who violated the village's
laws. YMA used to check Inner Line Permit (ILP) from outsiders and foreigners,
they used to protect and preserve the forests and lakes, YMA used to help the
poorest of the poor, YMA has its own Park, they used to clean and take care of
it. They also have a library of their own, most of the books are given by the
State Library and many books are also donated by the village people themself.
3) MIZORAM UPA PAWL
((MUP) :-
MUP is an association of senior citizen. There are 217 MUP
members in Khawlailung village. They built MUP House through M.P and MLA's
fund. They used to contribute money for the village's sanitation. Their main
objective is to help and develop the old aged citizen, they received Old Age
Pension
Regularly from social welfare department. They also
contributed some amount of money to the Social Reform Committee of the village.
4) MIZO HMEICHHE INSUIHKHAWM PAWL (MHIP) / STATUS OF WOMEN:-
This is a women's association, in this village MHIP has 845
members. MHIP has done various activities for the development and welfare of
the village .When there is a death in the village, MHIP used to put flowers and
used to contribute a bundle of fire woods from every family of their members.
They have two Crèche Centres which are supported and financed by Social Welfare
Department. Those mothers who want to go to the fields for working, they used
to take care and help their babies in these centres while they were working.
They think that there has been no gender discrimination in this village except
on the wage rate, the wages of daily labour for man is Rs.200/- while women
gets only Rs.150/- daily.
Various
development programmes in Khawlailung village are as follows :-1) National
Rural employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), 2) National Rural Health Mission
(NRHM),3) Integrated watershed Management Programme (IWMP), 4) Rashtriya Krishi
Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
STAKEHOLDERS
There are different Committees for the development of
Khawlailung village. They are, Village Council (VC), Young Mizo Association
(YMA), Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl (MHIP), Mizoram Upa Pawl (MUP), Games
& Sports Association (GSA) Khawlailung, Village Employment Council (VEC,
under MGNREGS), Village Education Committee (under Education deptt.), Village
Health and Sanitation Committee (under Health deptt.), Village Water and
Sanitation Committee (under PHE),
Village Monitoring
Committee (under MGNREGS), Watershed committee (IWMP),
Village Community Hall Committee (under Rural development deptt), School
Management Development Committee, Social Reforms Committee, Accredited Social
Health Activists, Village level Administrative Assistant. Among these various
development programmes, YMA and MHIP
members have stated that, MGNREGS and ASHA are the two most helpful for the
people. Since there have been no negative stakes of these programmes and
stakeholders, no special programmes have been made for the management.
NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE VILLAGE
After we had discussions with the Village Council, we have
come to know about the natural resources in Khawlailung village.
1) At present, there
are 4800 acres of land in the village and all these lands are utilised by the
people.
2) There are two
water reservoir constructed by PHE Deptt, govt of Mizoram, eight other large
water reservoirs, all these reservoirs are well maintained.
3) The village
forest reserve is about 1200 acres.
4) Products obtained
from the forests are rawtuai, phuihnam, chingit, khuai, hmunphiah, theihai,
kawlthei, theipui, sunhlu, pangpar, ba lung, zawngtah , khanghu, thingthupui,
kawhtebel, khawmhma and different kinds of fruits.
5) There
are some wild
animals in the
forest like tiger,
python, snakes, monkeys, deer,
jackal, wolf and different kinds of birds.
6) These resources
are used for earning money through the assent of thevillage council.
7) Their resources
are controlled and maintained especially by the VC. All the people in
the village are also
responsible for the
preservation of their resources.
8) Different rules
have been made for the development and preservation of their resources. They
used to give information to the people regarding the preservation of their
natural resources through Information Centre.
9) Many efforts
have been made by the villagers for the improvement of the stock of their
resources. They are aware that it is their duty to preserve their resources.
CONFLICT AND MUTUAL SUPPORT IN THE VILLAGE
The following sources are taken from the interactions held
with different NGOs. The Village Council and YMA are the two most powerful and
largest organizations in this village. As these two organizations have done
their roles and responsibilities, there is no conflict in this village so far.
If there is any problem or conflict in the community, the Village Council is
responsible for solving their problems. Thus, the people in the village respect
and obey the decisions and advice made by the Village Council. So, the Village
Council are aware that it is their duties and responsibilities to take care ,
support and give security to the villagers and to help and resolve their
problems.
PUBLIC, FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL SERVICES
AND INSTITUTIONS / FUNCTIONING PEOPLE'S ORGANISATIONS
I have the following informations form the discussions we
had with the Village Council and VLAA.
There are different public, formal and informal institutions
in Khawlailung village. They are, Village Council (VC), Young Mizo Association
(YMA), Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl (MHIP), Mizoram Upa Pawl (MUP), Games
& Sports Association (GSA) Khawlailung, Village Employment Council (VEC,
under NREGS), Village Education Committee (under Education deptt), Village
Health and Sanitation Committee (under Health deptt.), Village Water and
Sanitation Committee (under PHE), Village Monitoring Committee (under NREGS),
Watershed committee (IWMP), Village Community Hall Committee (under Rural
development deptt.), School Management Development Committee, Social
Committee, Accreditted Social
Health Activists, Village
level Reform Administrative Assistant. Mizo Zirlai Pawl (MZP), Mizo
Students Union (MSU).
Besides these various institutions and NGOs, there are 12
churches, one Post Office, three retailers (PDS), but there is no insurance
service, no chits and Bank in this village. People saved money at the Post
Office but obtained loan form E.Lungdar and Serchhip Rural Bank and all these
loans are term loans having interests. In times of financial emergencies,
people get money from their families and neighbours. In this type of emergency
lending, there is no un-repayment. The money lender used to get their money in
time and this method of lending is done only with the trust of one another.
Most of the leaders in these associations are from the
citizen of this village. According to the members of different NGOs, the reason
why they chose their leaders is because they have a good leadership quality,
have patience and sympathy.
SELF HELP GROUP
There are many SHGs in this village but let us study only
one SHG.
Name
: M.S SHG
Members : 10
Estd. : 2005
Sources of income : Regular saving, making a plot for
ginger, working in other's land to raise money.
In 2006, they received Rs.10000/- for revolving fund, in
2008, they received the amount of Rs.100000/- for loan (subsidy). From this
loan, every member of their group gets one pig/piglet each and invested them
for their SHG. They practices internal loan, their cash balance (till August
2013) is Rs.20000/-
MARKET / ITEMS TRADED INTO AND OUT OF THE VILLAGE
The following informations are received from the
interactions we had with various households.
The main exports of this village are sugarcane, brown sugar,
orange, coffee, ginger etc. These items are exported to different districts of
Mizoram as well as outside the state of Mizoram. Some of these items are given
to Society and Board, and some are collected by suppliers from outside the
state, these suppliers come to the village during the season and paid the money
right away to the farmers. Meanwhile, some vegetables like, tomatoes, cabbages,
potatoes etc., clothes, medicines and utensils are imported from different
districts and states.
Last year (2012), Khawlailung village exported about 400
quintals of orange, 11 quintals of coffee, 200 quintals of sugarcane and 1500
quintals of ginger. Among these, orange and ginger were exported to other
states, coffee were given to the Society and Board for further exports.
Sugarcane was exported to Serchhip and Lunglei districts.
MAJOR CRISES FACED BY THE PEOPLE
The following informations are received from the discussions
we had with the senior citizens (MUP).
In January 1943, while most of the villagers went out to
their land in the forest for farming, the whole village was burnt thereby
causing loss of houses and assets but
fortunately there was no death due to this fire, after that incident, all the
villagers were grouped by the village leaders to build many kutcha houses for
their living. For this, their neighboring villages helped them in cash and in
kind, so from that, Khawlailung Village had overcome that crisis.
DEVELOPMENT ASPIRATIONS OF THE PEOPLE / TOP PROBLEMS. GAPS
AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE VILLAGE
According to the opinion of the villagers, development is an
asset where all the villagers can equally benefits and utilized from them.
Besides different problem, the top problems according to them were - there is
no I.B (rest/guest house) in this village, there encounter scarcity of water in
this village and the need and demand of water is very high, there is no street
lights in the whole of the village, MHIP House which was collapsed in 2006 is
not yet repaired till now, Bank which will be very useful for the villagers is
not established, there is no chance for the villagers for higher studies in
their village because there is no Higher Secondary level, the highest education
in their village is only high school and there is no Police Out Post, due to
this, they sometimes feel insecure.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS / GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
The following information are received from the Village
council and VLAA. The following social entrepreneurs are existed in Khawlailung
village :-
1) Sawing
machine : 4
2) Wheat/rice
grinding machine :7
3) Coffee
grinding machine :2
4) Turmeric
grinding machine :1
5) Corn/flour
grinding machine :1
About 95% of the villagers have benefitted from the above
entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs are very efficient and serve well for the
villagers and the villagers never go to other villages to satisfy their wants.
Apart from these, the village has the following assets:-
1) Electric water
pump :1
2) Hand pump
(water) :5
3)
Transformer : 3
4) View
: 2
About 100% of the villagers have benefitted from the above
assets, they can get water from their locality instead of getting it from the
forest. With the help of transformers, the villagers can get sufficient power
supply and this helps in making things easier.
The above mentioned are utilized by the villagers and there
has been no gaps between them. The entrepreneurs and the villagers go together
to meet the needs of their villagers.
FUNCTIONING OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE VILLAGE
This information is received through the interactions held
with VC and YMA.
Khawlailung village has 5 maxi cab services, 10 schools, 1
PHC, 1 Library, 1 Community Hall and 6 Anganwadi. All these public services are
very useful and helpful for the villagers, and they are very efficient and
effective for the villagers.
10 LIVELIHOODS OF THE VILLAGE
In consultation with the Village Council, YMA and VLAA, I
received the following information.
The following are 10 livelihoods of the village.
1) Sugarcane : About
25 households in the village are growing sugarcane for their livelihood. These
sugarcanes are processed and the processed gur are mainly exported to Serchhip
and Lunglei districts. They exported about 200 quintals last year.
2) Brown sugar:
Brown sugar is made from sugarcane, so all the households who are doing
sugarcane for their living are also making brown sugar. This Brown sugar is
exported to the local market and especially to Serchhip and Lunglei districts.
3) Ginger : About
70% of the population are having land for ginger plantation. It is exported to
other states at a higher rate, but the rates are fluctuating now and then. Last
year, about 1500 quintals of ginger were exported.
4) Jhuming
cultivation : About 95% of the villagers are farmers. The method of farming
they practices is jhuming cultivation.
5) Orange : About 40%
of the villagers are having land for orange plantation During the season of
orange harvest, suppliers from within and outside the state are coming for
business. Last year, they exported about 400 quintals of orange.
6) Furniture works :
About 7 person in Khawlailung village are having furniture workshop. They are
very useful for the villagers, sometimes they cannot cover their demand.
7) Rice mill : About 6 people are having rice
mill, around 90% of the villagers have come to them for their rice. Most of the
villagers are self supporting in rice.
8) Coffee : 10 people are engaged in coffee
plantation and these people are growing coffee for their living. There are 2
coffee grinding machines in this village, owned by private and the other owned
by Society.
9)
Fish pond : About 20 households are having fishpond for their living.
Their fishes are sold to the local market.
10) Dairy farming : About 90% of the villagers
are doing dairy farming, if they have to work for farming, any members of the family
who stay at home take care of their dairy farming.
9 DIFFERENT HOUSEHOLDS
Household -1
The family income of Mr. Lalthlamuana who is 58years is
Rs.6000/- and most of their expenditures are for food and medicines and their
source of income are daily labour, planting ginger in their land and dairy
farming. They are three family members, one member used to collect fodder from
the forest, one used to work at the field and one member used to stay at home,
there is no seasonal effects for them and even no triple burden. There is one
school dropout, their food security is normal, they received NLUP from the
Govt. and now their family has moved out of poverty day by day.
Household-2
Their family members of Mr. Ramdinthara are five and their
monthly income is about Rs.5000/-, their source of income is farming, most of
their expenditures are for buying food and school fees. Two of their children
go to school, there is one school dropout and two family members used to go out
for farming. There are no seasonal effects for them, no migrants, and no triple
burden. According to them, they are moved out of poverty.
Household-3
The family members of Mr. Zoramthanga are five, their
monthly income is around Rs.7000/- and their source of income are furniture
works and farming, most of their expenditures are for school fees and food.
There are three students in their family, there is no school dropout, the
mother of the family used to go out daily for farming, their father is engaged
in his furniture works, seasonal change does not affect their daily works and
their food security is normal, no triple burden,their family moved out of
poverty.
Household-4
The family income of Mr. Hrangdawla is Rs.30000/- p.m, their
source of income are service and their expenditures are for school fees and
food. Head of the family is a school teacher pensioner, his wife is a school
teacher. One of their children is also a school teacher, one works in service
and the other three children are students. Their food security is normal, no
triple burden, no school dropout, no migrants, no seasonal effects and their
family has moved out of poverty.
Household-5
Mr. K.Thangbawia has eight family members, their income is
Rs.10000/-p.m, and their source of income is farming. There are three school
dropout, one student, two farmers and two children. Most of their expenditures
are for school fees and food. No triple burden, no migrants, no seasonal
effects, food security is normal and they moved out of poverty.
Household-6
Mr. lalkamlova has ten family members, their income is about
Rs.60000/-p.m and their source of income are service and farming. Their father
used to go out daily for farming, their mother used to stay at home, two of their
children are in service, there is one child and five students and their food
security is normal. No triple burden, no school dropout, no seasonal effects,
no migrants and they moved out of poverty.
Household-7
The family income of Mr.Lalbiakzuala is Rs. 4000/- pm, their
source of income is farming, they are five family members and most of their
expenditures are for medicines and food. There are one farmer, one teacher, one
student and two school dropout in their family. There are no triple burden, no seasonal
effect, no food insecurity, no migrants and they moved out of poverty.
Household-8
Mr. K.Chalchhinga has four family members, their income is
Rs.3000'-pm and their source of income is farming. In their family, there are
two farmers, one student, and one of their children used to stay at home who
was school dropout. Most of their expenditures are for food. There is no triple
burden, no seasonal effects, no food insecurity and no migrants, they are moved
out of poverty.
Household-9
The family income of Mr.Lalhmuchhuaka is Rs.2000/-pm, they
are six members! their source of income is farming and most of thei
expenditures is for buying fosd. There are three farmers, three students and
one of their children is school dropout. There is no triple burden in their
family, no migrants, no seasonal effects, no food insecurity and they moved out
of poverty.
SECONDARY INFORMATION
NGO members
Local Council
Health worker
VLAA
Booth Level officer (BLO)
Khawlailung Centenary 1901 - 2001 Souvenir
LEARNING AND UNLEARNID REPORTS OF THE VILLAGE
1) It is
found that in
Khawlailung village, the
SHGs are very active
and supportive for their family as well as for their village, it is
going to be very impressive and interesting to work with them.
2) The road
connectivity and the
information system are
beyond my expectations. The news
in the state capital can be seen directly (live) in time through the
television. Their road connectivity is also quite good but I feel that there is
a little neglect in street lights, this causes problems at night.
3) I have seen
that each and every one of the NGOs knows and follows their
roles and responsibilities and the administrations taken up
especially by the
Village Council President was amazing. He treated his
members politely and
all his fellow members also respect and obey his words.
4) I think the
village administration is very good, because during my stay in
this village, they have a deceased family. Here all the
community members
show their sympathy for the deceased family, they were very
helpful,
and un-selfish for the deceased family.
DESCRIPTION OF KHAWLAILUNG BOUNDARIES
From Piler pointjt to go down to Tuahzawl river and across
the main road, it will connect to Che river, here the western part is Piler
area. From che river, it will go up and here the southern part is Sialsir area
and this will connect Chekawn. From the eastern part of Chekawn, it will go
down to Chekawn lake, here the southern part is Luitigchhuan area, this is
connected to Varhva river. From Varhva river it is connected to Tuichang river,
here the eastern part is Mualcheng area. It will again go down through Tuichang
river, here the northern part is Hmunzawl area. From where Sairil river
connects Tuichang riverjt goes up to the point of Piler, and here the western
part is Piler area.
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